Hybrid Bioactive Hydrogel Promotes Liver Regeneration through the Activation of Kupffer Cells and ECM Remodeling After Partial Hepatectomy.

Partial hepatectomy is an essential surgical technique used to treat advanced liver diseases such as liver tumors, as well as for performing liver transplants from living donors. However, postoperative complications such as bleeding, abdominal adhesions, wound infections, and inadequate liver regeneration pose significant challenges and increase morbidity and mortality rates. A self-repairing mixed hydrogel (O5H2/Cu2+/SCCK), containing stem cell derived cytokine (SCCK) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) treated with the traditional Chinese remedy Tanshinone IIA (TSA), is developed. This SCCK, in conjunction with O5H2, demonstrates remarkable effects on Kupffer cell activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. This leads to the secretion of critical growth factors promoting enhanced proliferation of hepatocytes and endothelial cells, thereby facilitating liver regeneration and repair after partial hepatectomy. Furthermore, the hydrogel, featuring macrophage-regulating properties, effectively mitigates inflammation and oxidative stress damage in the incision area, creating an optimal environment for postoperative liver regeneration. The injectability and strong adhesion of the hydrogel enables rapid hemostasis at the incision site, while its physical barrier function prevents postoperative abdominal adhesions. Furthermore, the hydrogel's incorporation of Cu2+ provides comprehensive antibacterial effects, protecting against a wide range of bacteria types and reducing the chances of infections after surgery.

Single-cell analysis revealing the metabolic landscape of prostate cancer.

Tumor metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer development, and targeting metabolic vulnerabilities has been proven to be an effective approach for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment. Nevertheless, treatment failure inevitably occurs, largely due to cellular heterogeneity, which cannot be deciphered by traditional bulk sequencing techniques. By employing computational pipelines for single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrated that epithelial cells within the prostate are more metabolically active and plastic than stromal cells. Moreover, we identified that neuroendocrine (NE) cells tend to have high metabolic rates, which might explain the high demand for nutrients and energy exhibited by neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), one of the most lethal variants of prostate cancer (PCa). Additionally, we demonstrated through computational and experimental approaches that variation in mitochondrial activity is the greatest contributor to metabolic heterogeneity among both tumor cells and nontumor cells. These results establish a detailed metabolic landscape of PCa, highlight a potential mechanism of disease progression, and emphasize the importance of future studies on tumor heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment from a metabolic perspective.

Highly efficient field-free switching of perpendicular yttrium iron garnet with collinear spin current.

Yttrium iron garnet, a material possessing ultralow magnetic damping and extraordinarily long magnon diffusion length, is the most widely studied magnetic insulator in spintronics and magnonics. Field-free electrical control of perpendicular yttrium iron garnet magnetization with considerable efficiency is highly desired for excellent device performance. Here, we demonstrate such an accomplishment with a collinear spin current, whose spin polarization and propagation direction are both perpendicular to the interface. Remarkably, the field-free magnetization switching is achieved not only with a heavy-metal-free material, Permalloy, but also with a higher efficiency as compared with a typical heavy metal, Pt. Combined with the direct and inverse effect measurements, we ascribe the collinear spin current to the anomalous spin Hall effect in Permalloy. Our findings provide a new insight into spin current generation in Permalloy and open an avenue in spintronic devices.

Oxidized DJ-1 activates the p-IKK/NF-κB/Beclin1 pathway by binding PTEN to induce autophagy and exacerbate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Patients with myocardial infarction have a much worse prognosis when they have myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Further research into the molecular basis of myocardial I/R injury is therefore urgently needed, as well as the identification of novel therapeutic targets and linkages to interventions. Three cysteine residues are present in DJ-1 at amino acids 46, 53, and 106 sites, with the cysteine at position 106 being the most oxidation-prone. This study sought to understand how oxidized DJ-1(C106) contributes to myocardial I/R damage. Rats' left anterior descending branches were tied off to establish a myocardial I/R model in vivo. A myocardial I/R model in vitro was established via anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) of H9c2 cells. The results showed that autophagy increased after I/R, accompanied by the increased expression of oxidized DJ-1 (ox-DJ-1). In contrast, after pretreatment with NAC (N-acetylcysteine, a ROS scavenger) or Comp-23 (Compound-23, a specific antioxidant binding to the C106 site of DJ-1), the levels of ox-DJ-1, autophagy and LDH release decreased, and cell survival rate increased. Furthermore, the inhibition of interaction between ox-DJ-1 and PTEN could increase PTEN phosphatase activity, inhibit the p-IKK/NF-κB/Beclin1 pathway, reduce injurious autophagy, and alleviate A/R injury. However, BA (Betulinic acid, a NF-κB agonist) was able to reverse the protective effects produced by Comp-23 pretreatment. In conclusion, ox-DJ-1 could activate detrimental autophagy through the PTEN/p-IKK/NF-κB/Beclin1 pathway and exacerbate myocardial I/R injury.

Endosymbiont Tremblaya phenacola influences the reproduction of cotton mealybugs by regulating the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway.

The intricate evolutionary dynamics of endosymbiotic relationships result in unique characteristics among the genomes of symbionts, which profoundly influence host insect phenotypes. Here, we investigated an endosymbiotic system in Phenacoccus solenopsis, a notorious pest of the subfamily Phenacoccinae. The endosymbiont, "Candidatus Tremblaya phenacola" (T. phenacola PSOL), persisted throughout the complete life cycle of female hosts and was more active during oviposition, whereas there was a significant decline in abundance after pupation in males. Genome sequencing yielded an endosymbiont genome of 221.1 kb in size, comprising seven contigs and originating from a chimeric arrangement between betaproteobacteria and gammaproteobacteria. A comprehensive analysis of amino acid metabolic pathways demonstrated complementarity between the host and endosymbiont metabolism. Elimination of T. phenacola PSOL through antibiotic treatment significantly decreased P. solenopsis fecundity. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis demonstrated a correlation between genes associated with essential amino acid synthesis and those associated with host meiosis and oocyte maturation. Moreover, altering endosymbiont abundance activated the host mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway, suggesting that changes in the amino acid abundance affected the host reproductive capabilities via this signal pathway. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a mechanism by which the endosymbiont T. phenacola PSOL contributed to high fecundity in P. solenopsis and provide new insights into nutritional compensation and coevolution of the endosymbiotic system.

MsHDZ23, a Novel Miscanthus HD-ZIP Transcription Factor, Participates in Tolerance to Multiple Abiotic Stresses.

The homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) transcription factors, representing one of the largest plant-specific superfamilies, play important roles in the response to various abiotic stresses. However, the functional roles of HD-ZIPs in abiotic stress tolerance and the underlying mechanisms remain relatively limited in Miscanthus sinensis. In this study, we isolated an HD-ZIP TF gene, MsHDZ23, from Miscanthus and ectopically expressed it in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome and promoter analyses revealed that MsHDZ23 responded to salt, alkali, and drought treatments. The overexpression (OE) of MsHDZ23 in Arabidopsis conferred higher tolerance to salt and alkali stresses compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, MsHDZ23 was able to restore the hb7 mutant, the ortholog of MsHDZ23 in Arabidopsis, to the WT phenotype. Furthermore, MsHDZ23-OE lines exhibited significantly enhanced drought stress tolerance, as evidenced by higher survival rates and lower water loss rates compared to WT. The improved drought tolerance may be attributed to the significantly smaller stomatal aperture in MsHDZ23-OE lines compared to WT. Furthermore, the accumulation of the malondialdehyde (MDA) under abiotic stresses was significantly decreased, accompanied by dramatically enhanced activities in several antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in the transgenic plants. Collectively, these results demonstrate that MsHDZ23 functions as a multifunctional transcription factor in enhancing plant resistance to abiotic stresses.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after solid organ transplantation: A challenge for clinicians.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare inflammatory disorder with a high mortality rate and a wide range of symptoms. Solid organ transplantation, which provides patients with a unique immunosuppressive state, is a less common predisposing factor for HLH. HLH after solid organ transplantation (HLH-SOT) is very rare and fatal. It is hard to diagnose and treat and extremely understudied. The use of immunosuppressants makes the situation of HLH-SOT more complex. This review summarizes the existing literature on HLH after solid organ transplantation and describes its triggers and symptoms, focusing on its diagnosis and treatment. We performed a literature search of case reports, case series, letters to the editor, and clinical quizzes describing patients with HLH after solid organ transplantation (HLH-SOT). We provide recommendations on the diagnosis protocol and treatment strategy based on the existing evidence.

Risk and protective factors associated with wound infection after neurosurgical procedures: A meta-analysis.

To systematically evaluate the risk factors for wound infection at the surgical site after neurosurgical craniotomy by meta-analysis, and to provide an evidence-based basis for preventing the occurrence of wound infection. A computerised search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang database was conducted for relevant studies on risk factors for surgical site wound infection after neurosurgical craniotomy published from the database inception to November 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and performed quality assessment in strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. STATA 17.0 software was applied for data analysis. Overall, 18 papers with 17 608 craniotomy patients were included, of which 905 patients developed wound infections. The analysis showed that underlying diseases [OR = 2.50, 95% CI (1.68, 3.72), p < 0.001] and emergency surgery [OR = 2.47, 95% CI (1.80, 3.38), p < 0.001] were the risk factors for developing wound infections after craniotomy, age < 60 years [OR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.52, 0.98), p = 0.039] was a protective factor for wound infections; whereas sex [OR = 1.11, 95% CI (0.98, 1.27), p = 0.112] and the antimicrobial use [OR = 1.30, 95% CI (0.81 2.09), p = 0.276] were not associated with the presence or absence of wound infection after craniotomy. Underlying disease and emergency surgery are risk factors for developing wound infections after craniotomy, whereas age < 60 years is a protective factor. Clinicians can reduce the occurrence of postoperative wound infections by communicating with patients in advance about the possibility of postoperative wound infections based on these factors, and by doing a good job of preventing postoperative wound infections.

Clinical application and nursing experience of the plan-do-check-act cycle in daytime varicocelectomy.

BACKGROUND: Varicocele is the most prevalent correctable cause of male infertility. Currently, surgical treatment is the primary method to enhance fertility.For many young varicocele patients who have postponed surgery due to time constraints, daytime surgery is especially crucial. Thus, this study aims to investigate the clinical and nursing application value of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle in daytime varicocelectomy. METHODS: Retrospective collection of clinical data was conducted on 130 patients undergoing laparoscopic varicocelectomy in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou,China.Among them, 65 patients who underwent daytime surgery were assigned to the observation group, while 65 patients who underwent routine hospital surgeries were assigned to the control group.The former also implemented PDCA cycle management.A comparison was made between the two groups regarding hospitalization time, hospitalization costs, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: The observation group exhibited a shorter hospitalization time and lower hospitalization costs compared to the control group, with higher patient satisfaction and pre-discharge visual analog scale (VAS) scores noted (P < 0.05).No significant difference was observed in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups during hospitalization (P > 0.05). The implementation of the PDCA cycle in the observation group has demonstrated its effectiveness, ensuring the smooth conduct of the daytime varicocelectomy. CONCLUSION: In conclusion,daytime varicocelectomy can reduce hospitalization time,lower hospitalization costs, improve patient satisfaction. The PDCA Cycle enhances the rationality and efficacy of the daytime varicocelectomy procedure and is highly recommended. Furthermore, it offers valuable reference for the application of the PDCA Cycle in various other diseases and nursing management approaches. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR2300077465;Date of registration: November 9, 2023.

Sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients: Does frailty matter while waiting for a liver transplant?

Sarcopenia reflects patient frailty and should be routinely assessed due to its high prevalence in cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplants. Pre-transplant nutritional optimization should be tailored for patients with a definitive diagnosis of sarcopenia, therefore improving functional status at transplant and reducing post-transplant mortality. Hepatologists and transplant surgeons should have raised awareness regarding sarcopenia and the reflected frailty that hinder posttransplant outcomes. The policymakers should also take into account when modifying the organ allocation model that sarcopenia or frailty might become a decisive factor in allocating organs for cirrhotic patients, in order to ensure post-transplant survival and quality of life.

Raman Study of 532-Nanometer Laser-Induced Degradation of Red Lead.

Red lead is commonly employed as a red pigment in numerous valuable cultural artifacts. Raman spectrometry has been widely employed as the primary tool in many nondestructive studies on red lead. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate and study the impact of lasers on the pigment. The degradation of red lead induced by a 532 nm laser is investigated using micro-Raman spectroscopy. At room temperature, red lead begins to degrade into ß-PbO when the power density of the 532 nm laser reaches approximately 5.1 × 104 W/cm2 (laser: 532 nm, objective: 50×). At this point, the temperature at the focus of the sample is estimated to be at least 500 °C, aided by the Raman peak shift of ß-PbO. Furthermore, the power density of the laser-induced degradation decreases as the temperature of the red lead increases. Hence, the degradation of red lead can be attributed to the photothermal effect. The temperature rise can be explained by two factors. First, red lead exhibits a high absorbance of approximately 0.5942 at 532 nm. Second, red lead has significantly low thermal diffusivity and conductivity, measuring 0.039 mm2·s-1 and 0.078 W·m-1·K-1, respectively, which leads to heat accumulation at the focal point of the laser beam. To better preserve cultural heritage, the appropriate laser power should be prioritized when the degradation process is caused by the thermal effect of laser irradiation.

A modified shuffled frog leaping algorithm with inertia weight.

The shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) is a promising metaheuristic bionics algorithm, which has been designed by the shuffled complex evolution and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) framework. However, it is easily trapped into local optimum and has the low optimization accuracy when it is used to optimize complex engineering problems. To overcome the shortcomings, a novel modified shuffled frog leaping algorithm (MSFLA) with inertia weight is proposed in this paper. To extend the scope of the direction and length of the updated worst frog (vector) of the original SFLA, the inertia weight α was introduced and its meaning and range of the new parameters are fully explained. Then the convergence of the MSFLA is deeply analyzed and proved theoretically by a new dynamic equation formed by Z-transform. Finally, we have compared the solution of the 7 benchmark functions with the original SFLA, other improved SFLAs, genetic algorithm, PSO, artificial bee colony algorithm, and the grasshopper optimization algorithm with invasive weed optimization. The testing results showed that the modified algorithms can effectively improve the solution accuracy and convergence property, and exhibited an excellent ability of global optimization in high-dimensional space and complex function problems.

Adenosinergic metabolism pathway: an emerging target for improving outcomes of solid organ transplantation.

Extracellular nucleotides are widely recognized as crucial modulators of immune responses in peripheral tissues. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine are key components of extracellular nucleotides, the balance of which contributes to immune homeostasis. Under tissue injury, ATP exerts its pro-inflammatory function, while the adenosinergic pathway rapidly degrades ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine, thus inhibiting excessive and uncontrolled inflammatory responses. Previous reviews have explored the immunoregulatory role of extracellular adenosine in various pathological conditions, especially inflammation and malignancy. However, current knowledge regarding adenosine and adenosinergic metabolism in the context of solid organ transplantation remains fragmented. In this review, we summarize the latest information on adenosine metabolism and the mechanisms by which it suppresses the effector function of immune cells, as well as highlight the protective role of adenosine in all stages of solid organ transplantation, including reducing ischemia reperfusion injury during organ procurement, alleviating rejection, and promoting graft regeneration after transplantation. Finally, we discuss the potential for future clinical translation of adenosinergic pathway in solid organ transplantation.

Salivary Proteome and Intact N-Glycopeptides Analysis Reveal Specific Signatures in Periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a prevalent oral inflammatory disease that can result in tooth loss and is closely linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we analyzed the salivary proteome and intact N-glycopeptides (IGPs) of individuals with mild-moderate, severe, aggressive periodontitis, and periodontitis with T2D, including those treated with antidiabetic drugs, to identify specific signatures associated with the disease. Our results revealed that salivary proteins and glycoproteins were altered in all periodontitis groups (PRIDE ID: 1-20230612-72345), with fucose- and sialic acid-containing N-glycans showing the greatest increase. Additionally, differentially expressed proteins were classified into 9 clusters, including those that were increased in all periodontitis groups and those that were only altered in certain types of periodontitis. Interestingly, treatment with antidiabetic drugs reversed many of the changes observed in the salivary proteome and IGPs in T2D-related periodontitis, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for managing periodontitis in patients with T2D. Consistent with MS/MS results, the expression of salivary IGHA2 and Fucα1-3/6GlcNAc (AAL) was significantly increased in MP. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of periodontitis and highlight the potential of salivary biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of disease progression and treatment response.

TGFA expression is associated with poor prognosis and promotes the development of cervical cancer.

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) are the second most common cancers in women aged 20-39. While HPV screening can help with early detection of cervical cancer, many patients are already in the medium to late stages when they are identified. As a result, searching for novel biomarkers to predict CESC prognosis and propose molecular treatment targets is critical. TGFA is a polypeptide growth factor with a high affinity for the epidermal growth factor receptor. Several studies have shown that TGFA can improve cancer growth and progression, but data on its impact on the occurrence and advancement of CESC is limited. In this study, we used clinical data analysis and bioinformatics techniques to explore the relationship between TGFA and CESC. The results showed that TGFA was highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues and cells. TGFA knockdown can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. In addition, after TGFA knockout, the expression of IL family and MMP family proteins in CESC cell lines was significantly reduced. In conclusion, TGFA plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. Therefore, TGFA may become a new target for cervical cancer treatment.

First Report of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Causing Anthracnose on Peanut in Chongqing, China.

In July 2022, dieback and discoloration were detected on infected stems of peanut in Qijiang District of Chongqing (106.56°E,29.41°N), China, with an incidence up to 5%. These peanut stems had disease symptoms typical of anthracnose with irregular gray-brown spots with dark brown edges, sunken, and necrotic. High temperature and high humidity were favorable for the growth of the pathogen. To isolate the pathogen, we collected 10 typical infected peanuts and cut one piece from each of symptomatic stems, surface sterilized with 0.5% NaClO for 1 min, and 75% ethanol for 30 s, then rinsed three times with sterile distilled water and dried on sterilized filter paper. These pieces were incubated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C in the dark. Pure cultures were obtained from hyphal tips of each colony. It was found that isolates with the same colony morphology were isolated from each infected stem. A representative isolate (L7) was used for morphological characterization, molecular analysis, phylogenetic analysis, and pathogenicity tests. The colonies appeared white to gray, with white margins and aerial hyphae, and the reverse of the colonies was gray to brown. Conidia were cylindrical, aseptate, with obtuse to slightly rounded ends, 13.4 to 18.8 × 4.2 to 5.8 µm (n=50). Morphological characteristics were generally consistent with those of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex (Cannon et al., 2012). For molecular identification, genomic DNA was extracted using a CTAB method and partial sequences of ß-tubulin (TUB2), actin (ACT) genes, chitin synthase (CHS) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes were amplified and sequenced using primers T1/T2, ACT-512F/ACT-783R, CHS-79F/CHS-345R, and GDF1/GDR1, respectively (Damm et al., 2012; Dowling et al., 2020). Using the BLAST, TUB2, ACT, CHS and GAPDH gene sequences (GenBank accession No. OR714793, OP168707, OP168708 and OR714794, respectively) were100% (429 bp out of 429 bp), 99.22% (256 bp out of 258 bp), 99.64% (276 bp out of 277 bp) and 100% (253 bp out of 253 bp) identical to C. gloeosporioides CBS:112999 (JQ005587, JQ005500, JQ005326, and JQ005239), respectively. Using Neighbor-Joining algorithm, phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on the concatenated sequences of published TUB2, ACT, CHS and GAPDH genes. The identified isolate (L7) was closely related to C. gloeosporioides. To evaluate pathogenicity, the stems of ten peanut (Zhonghua12) seedlings (2 weeks) were wounded with a sterile toothpick and mycelial plugs (5 mm in diameter) or 20 µl of conidial suspension (105/ml) were inoculated. Non-colonized agar plugs or 20 µl of sterile distilled water were treated as control. After inoculation, the peanuts were kept in a moist chamber at 28°C with 80% humidity in the dark for 24 h, and subsequently transferred to the moist chamber with 12 h light and darkness cycle for 6 days, similar symptoms were observed on all inoculated peanuts. Controls remained asymptomatic. C. gloeosporioides was reisolated from the diseased stems and confirmed using morphological features and sequence analysis of TUB2, ACT, CHS and GAPDH. Anthracnose caused by C. truncatum and C. fructicola has been reported on peanut leaves in China (Gong et al., 2023; Yu et al., 2019). To our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose on peanut stem caused by C. gloeosporioides in Chongqing. Our report will provide crucial information for studying on epidemiology and management of this disease.

Biochar Enhances the Resistance of Legumes and Soil Microbes to Extreme Short-Term Drought.

Short-term drought events occur more frequently and more intensively under global climate change. Biochar amendment has been documented to ameliorate the negative effects of water deficits on plant performance. Moreover, biochar can alter the soil microbial community, soil properties and soil metabolome, resulting in changes in soil functioning. We aim to reveal the extent of biochar addition on soil nutrients and the soil microbial community structure and how this improves the tolerance of legume crops (peanuts) to short-term extreme drought. We measured plant performances under different contents of biochar, set as a gradient of 2%, 3% and 4%, after an extreme experimental drought. In addition, we investigated how soil bacteria and fungi respond to biochar additions and how the soil metabolome changes in response to biochar amendments, with combined growth experiments, high-throughput sequencing and soil omics. The results indicated that biochar increased nitrites and available phosphorus. Biochar was found to influence the soil bacterial community structure more intensively than the soil fungal community. Additionally, the fungal community showed a higher randomness under biochar addition when experiencing short-term extreme drought compared to the bacterial community. Soil bacteria may be more strongly related to soil nutrient cycling in peanut agricultural systems. Although the soil metabolome has been documented to be influenced by biochar addition independent of soil moisture, we found more differential metabolites with a higher biochar content. We suggest that biochar enhances the resistance of plants and soil microbes to short-term extreme drought by indirectly modifying soil functioning probably due to direct changes in soil moisture and soil pH.

Isolation and Identification of Bacillus subtilis LY-1 and Its Antifungal and Growth-Promoting Effects.

Peanut root rot, caused by Fusarium spp., is a devastating fungal disease. As part of a program to obtain a biocontrol agent to control peanut root rot in the field, a bacterial strain LY-1 capable of inhibiting the growth of the fungus in vitro was isolated from rhizosphere soil samples collected from wild mint by agar disk dilution and dual-culture assay. Strain LY-1 was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on morphological characteristics, 16S rDNA, and gyrA sequence analyses. The bacterial suspension and cell-free culture filtrate of LY-1 could significantly inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium solani, but volatile organic compounds from the cultures had only a weak effect on mycelial growth. The percentage inhibition of 20% concentration of the cell-free culture filtrate of LY-1 on conidium production of each of the three Fusarium species was greater than 72.38%, and the percentage inhibition by the culture filtration on the germination of conidia of the three species was at least 62.37%. The production of extracellular enzyme activity by LY-1 was studied in functional assays, showing protease, cellulase, amylase, chitinase, and ß-1,3-glucanase activity, while LY-1 contained a gene encoding iturin, an antifungal lipopeptide. In addition, under pot culture in a greenhouse, culture filtrate of LY-1 significantly promoted the growth of peanut, increasing the fresh and dry mass of the plant by 30.77% and 27.27%, respectively, in comparison with the no-filtrate control. The culture filtrate of LY-1 increased the resistance of peanut plants to F. oxysporum, with the biocontrol efficiency reaching 44.71%. In conclusion, B. subtilis LY-1, a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium, was able to protect peanuts from Fusarium spp. infection.

The Effect of Web-Based Telerehabilitation Programs on Children and Adolescents With Brain Injury: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Acquired brain injury (ABI) in children and adolescents can lead to motor and executive impairments that often require long-term treatment. The implementation of web-based telerehabilitation therapy at home is a method to improve the functional status of patients. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the effects of web-based telerehabilitation programs on functional outcomes in children and adolescents with brain injury and supplemented the findings with a meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of web-based telerehabilitation training on children and adolescents with brain injury to determine whether web-based telerehabilitation therapy improved motor function, executive function, physical activity level, lower limb strength, hand and upper limb function, visual processing skills, and occupational functional performance in children and adolescents with brain injury. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials on web-based telerehabilitation programs in children and adolescents with brain injury until December 2022, and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool. Relevant data were extracted, and a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software. RESULTS: Overall, 17 studies involving 848 patients were included. Web-based telerehabilitation therapy improved the motor function (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.29, 95% CI 0.01-0.57; P=.04), physical activity level (SMD 0.42, 95% CI 0.11-0.73; P=.007), lower limb strength (SMD 0.52, 95% CI 0.13-0.90; P=.009), and visual processing skills (SMD 0.26, 95% CI 0.02-0.50; P=.04) of children and adolescents with brain injury. It also improved executive function in letter-number sequencing (SMD 1.26, 95% CI 0.26-2.26; P=.01), attention (SMD 0.38, 95% CI 0.09-0.66; P=.009), and symbol search (SMD 1.18, 95% CI 0.43-1.93, P=.002). CONCLUSIONS: Web-based telerehabilitation therapy improved motor function, physical activity level, lower limb strength, letter-number sequencing, attention, and symbol search, which improved the quality of life in children and adolescents with brain injury. Web-based telerehabilitation programs provide great convenience for children and adolescents with ABI who need long-term treatment and allow them to exercise at home for rehabilitation training. The widespread implementation of remote interventions also provides children and adolescents in remote areas with better access to rehabilitation services. This review provides evidence for the effectiveness of web-based telerehabilitation therapy, but there was heterogeneity in some of the results because of different disease types and intervention programs. Future studies can expand the sample size according to disease type and increase follow-up time according to different exercise prescriptions to further refine the long-term effects of this intervention on various functions of children and adolescents with ABI. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42023421917; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=421917.